St. Dewid (Welsh variation of the name, David) lived during the 6th century. In addition to being the Patron Saint of Wales, Dewid is best known for his indefatigable work at stamping out the second resurgence of the so-called Pelagian heresy. Pelagius himself was British and active a century before Dewid’s time and the heresy associated with Pelagius was having a renaissance.
In brief, Pelagius had the temerity to disagree with Augustine (yes, THAT Augustine). Pelagius disputed the entire concept of original sin and dismissed the idea that human flesh is sinful and that all human beings are born sinners in both heart and will. In fact, Pelagius stated that if this were the case then Jesus himself could not have been “fully human” (the answer then became that Jesus’ mother, Mary, was immaculate herself, that God was the actual father, and therefore Jesus, though human, was immune from any inherent sinfulness). Also, Augustine asserted that humans can only do good because of God’s irresistible grace.
The implications of Pelagianism were quite enormous for the church. If you take seriously this rejection by Pelagians of original sin, then it opens up the realm of human moral agency and freedom to go good or to do evil. Philosophically and practically speaking–how can someone do anything that is morally “good” if that person has no choice? Similarly how can someone be responsible for doing anything morally “evil” if that person is simply acting according to her or his given nature? Pelagius was himself concerned about a laxity in attitudes toward moral agency that were the logical consequence of Augustine’s views: “Hey, I’ll do whatever it is I do, because I have no control over my flesh, nature, or will!”
So Pelagius was accused of having a theology whereby one doesn’t need God or God’s grace at all (which Pelagius said was never the case–that every act of good requires the gracious assistance of God to be effective/be effectuated. But, more to the point, a thoroughgoing embrace of the Pelagian heresy would throw into question just how necessary the institutional church was…and THIS could not be tolerated. If the church was not necessary for human salvation, if the church’s doctrines were not essential to a goodness acceptable by God, if good people could exist without prior and concurrent subjugation to church teaching, then… well, then… well then…!!!
The church has often shown a tendency to first create a market for itself and then to become the singular provider for just that market! I remember from my undergraduate days, passing by an evangelist who was, over a loudspeaker, proclaiming to all the frat boys, “You might think you’re happy, but that is only because you don’t realize that you have a Jesus-sized hole in your heart!” You might not sense it, you might not want it, but you NEED the church! Pelagius wasn’t convinced.
So Pelagius is the heretic and Dewid the saint! bb